Overview

ACR/ESUR/AdMeTech system for standardizing mpMRI interpretation and reporting for prostate cancer.
Current version: PI-RADS v2.1 (2019).

Indications

  • Elevated PSA or PSA velocity
  • Positive DRE
  • Prior negative biopsy but elevated PSA
  • Active surveillance monitoring

Diagnostic criteria

PI-RADS Score

ScoreClinically Significant Cancer (CSC) likelihood
1Very low (CSC highly unlikely)
2Low (CSC unlikely)
3Equivocal (CSC uncertain)
4High (CSC likely)
5Very high (CSC highly likely)

Dominant Sequence by Zone

  • Peripheral zone (PZ): DWI dominant
  • Transition zone (TZ): T2WI dominant
  • DCE: Adjunct — upgrades PI-RADS 3 PZ by 1 if positive

Assessment Per Sequence

T2WI (TZ dominant)

  • 1-2: BPH-like nodules
  • 3: Heterogeneous signal with obscured margins
  • 4: Lenticular or non-circumscribed homogeneous hypointense; <15 mm
  • 5: Same as 4 but ≥15 mm OR extraprostatic extension

DWI/ADC (PZ dominant)

  • 1-2: No restriction or linear/wedge
  • 3: Focal mild-moderate restriction; <15 mm
  • 4: Marked restriction; <15 mm
  • 5: Same as 4 but ≥15 mm

Management

  • PI-RADS 1-2: No biopsy; PSA follow-up
  • PI-RADS 3: Clinical decision (MRI-targeted + systematic biopsy in most)
  • PI-RADS 4-5: MRI-targeted biopsy + systematic biopsy recommended

Follow-up

  • Active surveillance: repeat mpMRI every 1-3 years

Related diseases

  • Prostate Cancer
  • MRI Prostate PI-RADS

Example cases by category

PI-RADS 2 (Low)

PIRADS_PIRADS2Low_p1
Normal prostate (MRI) (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Normal prostate (MRI)

PI-RADS 3 (Equivocal)

PIRADS_PIRADS3Equivocal_1
Prostate cancer – PI-RADS 3 apical nodule (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostate cancer – PI-RADS 3 apical nodule
PIRADS_PIRADS3Equivocal_2
Prostatic carcinoma (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostatic carcinoma

PI-RADS 4 (High)

PIRADS_PIRADS4High_p1
Prostate adenocarcinoma – peripheral zone PI-RADS 4 (MRI) (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostate adenocarcinoma – peripheral zone PI-RADS 4 (MRI)
PIRADS_PIRADS4High_p2
Prostate cancer (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostate cancer
PIRADS_PIRADS4High_p3
Prostate cancer (MR in-bore biopsy) (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostate cancer (MR in-bore biopsy)
PIRADS_PIRADS4High_p4
Prostate cancer – seminal vesicle invasion (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostate cancer – seminal vesicle invasion

PI-RADS 5 (Very high)

PIRADS_PIRADS5Veryhigh_1
Prostate cancer – PI-RADS 5 (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostate cancer – PI-RADS 5
PIRADS_PIRADS5Veryhigh_2
Prostate cancer (multiparametric MRI) (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostate cancer (multiparametric MRI)
PIRADS_PIRADS5Veryhigh_4
Prostate cancer – detected on TURP (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostate cancer – detected on TURP
PIRADS_PIRADS5Veryhigh_5
Prostate cancer – staging (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostate cancer – staging
PIRADS_PIRADS5Veryhigh_6
Prostate cancer – staging (MRI). Source: Radiopaedia — Prostate cancer – staging